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Multiple Comparative Case Study Practice 1
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Topic: Circular Economy
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Subtopic: Food Systems and European Cities
References
The context of the reference
Case 1: Cross-cutting collaboration to transform the food system: LondonCase 2: CITIES AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR FOOD • PORTO, PORTUGALCase 3: Collaborating to change local food systems: MilanCase 4: Activating food business networks: Circular Glasgow
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NihanFatihOlkangülşah
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London's Food Flagship Initiative is working to better coordinate, streamline and accelerate progress towards a circular economy for food as part of the city’s sustainability goals.A CIRCULAR ECONOMY REDESIGN IN PORTO REPRESENTS A USD 60 MILLION+ OPPORTUNITY
TO BUILD A REGENERATIVE, DISTRIBUTED AND SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE URBAN FOOD SYSTEM.
The Municipality of Milan and Fondazione Cariplo have taken a bold new strategic approach to support a new food system by developing the Milan Food Policy - a tool to support the city's food industry players as they manage food related challenges.After building a network of circular economy businesses, Circular Glasgow, part of Glasgow’s Chamber of Commerce, worked with the hospitality industry to design low-waste meals during COP26
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DIMENSIONS OF ANALYSIS - ROADMAPPING COMPONENTShttps://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-examples/cross-cutting-collaboration-to-transform-the-food-system-london?sortBy=rel
https://relondon.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/FFI-Demonstration-projects-downloadable-summary-for-web-final.pdf
https://emf.thirdlight.com/file/24/qzvD2i1qVlkkKfqzNbGq5SPdHJ/Focus-City-Porto-Portugal.pdf https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-examples/collaborating-to-change-local-food-systemshttps://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-examples/circular-glasgow?sortBy=rel
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PROBLEMFood is at the centre of London’s ambitious zero-carbon and zero-waste targets. Food and drink is estimated to account for 10% of London’s consumption-based emissions – the third largest contributor of greenhouse gases behind housing and mobility.
1/3 of all food supplied to London is lost or wasted. Although 67% of this food is estimated to be edible, just 0.5% of edible food waste is currently redistributed or upcycled to make new food products. The Covid pandemic exposed the fragility of supply chains, more than 99% of food eaten in the city is imported from outside the capital.
Porto'nun gerekli adımlar atıldığında food waste i engelleyerek ciddi oranda tasarruf sağlama potansiyelinin olması.Every second the equivalent of six garbage trucks of edible food are wasted globally. In cities, less than 2% of the valuable nutrients in food by-products and human waste are recovered for productive use. The modern food system is degrading and unhealthy, but cities could hold the key to changing this.
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Duration a three-year joint action plan
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Strategic Partnership with CE Leader Organizations (CE EU, EMF, etc.)London is one of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s three Strategic Partner CitiesUNESCO World Heritage site
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Nr of participants
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Unit of Food savedmore than 4,000 low-waste dishes and drinks from venues around the city.
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amount of re model value generated
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Amount of investment
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Income generated
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DRIVERS - CREATING THE NEED
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Political
start transforming its entire food system
Circular economy
roadmap including
food system actions
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Economical
produce more of its own ingredients, boost its econom
Strong innovation
profile and start-up
friendly city
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Social improve access to healthy nutrition
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Technological
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Legal
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Environmental
reduce organic waste, reduce food-related emissions,
Part of a large vibrant
hub of 2 million
people
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BARRIERS - CHALLENGES - CAPABILITY GAPS
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Political
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Economical
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Social
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Technological
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Legal
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Environmental
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ENABLERS- RESOURCES *RBV
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Political
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Financial
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Social - Human ResourcesStakeholders are engaged and empowered in support of a single, data-backed agenda. Projects connecting
consumers with food
production and
growing separation
and valorisation of
organics
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Partnerships and Collaboration Frameworkspartnership between the Mayor of London, ReLondon and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
borough councils, brands, peri-urban farmers, restaurants, universities, schools, charities, and local community groups have been engaged and empowered in support of a single, data-backed agenda.
taking a consultative, collaborative approach to implementation has been a success factor
The Municipality of Milan, Fondazione Cariplo, Distretto Agricolo Milanese (DAM)Zero Waste Scotland and Glasgow City Council, and funded with support from the European Regional Development Fund
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TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS
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Knowledge AccumulatedLondon’s Food Footprint, a first-of-its-kind report, tracking how food-related emissions flow through the city.
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Research based approachFollowing this research and mapping exercise, the Food Flagship Initiative identified hotspots before consulting stakeholders from across the food value chain in workshops and events to develop impactful interventions targeting them.
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Technological
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THE PROGRAM - SOLUTIONMapping the current landscape to identify gaps and opportunities, creating a central visionThe Municipality of Milan and Fondazione Cariplo have taken a bold new strategic approach to support a new food system by developing the Milan Food Policy - a tool to support the city's food industry players as they manage food related challenges.
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Strategic approachThe initiative identified 20 priority interventions, assigning each a lead organisation to drive change, evaluate progress, and ensure harmonious action by different actors.
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The Organization
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DIMENSIONS OF ANALYSIS - DERIVED FROM THEORETICAL BACKGROUND on CE CASE STUDIES
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Obstacles, barriers, challenges
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=15
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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regulatory challenges
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=16
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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social acceptance of waste
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=17
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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high investment costs
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=18
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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limited recognition of its indirect impacts
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=19
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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Recommendation
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=20
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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Central role of local governance and public policies
Ana and Luciane, 2024 - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184698964&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=21
Urban Agriculture- two Nordic Cities
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Damiana et al., 2024 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183152757&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=24
Urban Waste Collection -Two Mountainous Italian Valleys
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barriers
Marisol et al., 2023 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170579531&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=34
Small IT - Porto
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Drivers
Marisol et al., 2023 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170579531&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=35
Small IT - Porto
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improving e-waste infrastructure
Marisol et al., 2023 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170579531&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=36
Small IT - Porto
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introducing economic incentives
Marisol et al., 2023 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170579531&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=37
Small IT - Porto
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raising awareness on environmental impacts of hibernated stocks.
Marisol et al., 2023 https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170579531&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=38
Small IT - Porto
schools and local authorities are being supported to increase their procurement of nutritious, low-carbon ingredients to lead by example;
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CE effectsPina 2023
Waste management - Contarina Italy
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CE actionsPina 2024
Waste management - Contarina Italy
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Lıvestock input to fertilizer ?Amir et al., 2023
Small farmer- Indonesia
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strengths and weaknesses
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=52
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
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urban CE strategies and visions
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=53
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
The initiative identified 20 priority interventions, assigning each a lead organisation to drive change, evaluate progress, and ensure harmonious action by different actors.
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biophysical and socio-economic urban stocks and flows
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=54
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institutional arrangements within the triple bottom line concept
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=55
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conceptualisation of the interactions (of institutional arrangements?)
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=56
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Governance and Participations
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=57
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Government
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=58
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Industry
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=59
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Academia
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=60
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Civil society
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=61
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Transnational and supranational networks
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=62
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CE Strategies
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=63
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R0 Refuse
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=64
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R1 Rethink
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=65
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R2 Reduce
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=66
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R3 Reuse
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=67
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R4 Repair
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=68
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R5 Refurbish
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=69
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R6 Remanufacture
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=70
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R7 Repurpose
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=71
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
79
R8 Recycle
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=72
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
80
R9 Recover
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=73
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
81
triple bottom line - Planet - People - Profit
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=74
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
82
Urban Stocks and Flows
Vanhuyse, 2023. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175258089&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scoexactkeywords%2C%22Circular+Economy%22%2Ct&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28%22Circular+economy%22+AND+%22Case+study%22+and+%22Cities%22%29&sl=63&sessionSearchId=94778f31324a52438148f1a974441175&relpos=75
Methodological - The Urban Circularity Assessment Framework
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