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Introduction: Climate change and variability- past, present and future
Energy flows
Hydrological cycle
Carbon, Sulphur and Nitrogen cycles
Biogeochemical cycles and climate,
Natural causes of climate change
Anthropogenic climate change – Greenhouse effect
Emission sources and inventories for GHGs and aerosols
Variation in GHG concentration and aerosol emissions
Observed changes in the climate system and sea level.
Models used in projecting future climate change
Emission scenarios
Future climate projections.
Future climate change and adaptation |